Here is an example, consider that I got a user who gant the browse project and close issue permission, alos, he is including in the security level of the issue to gant basic access to the issue.

In the workflow of the project, the close issue transition will perform a post function to set the resolution to Fixed in the first place, which needs the edit issue permission.

When the user is tried to close the issue, he is able to trigger the transition but none of the post function will be triggered and he do not have the permission. But there is not error or warning message for this permission violation.