Issue Summary

When a page's images have a Media metadata response that omits the original
rendition node, Confluence treats the resulting parse failure as a temporary
transport error. It retries each failed lookup 3 times and caches nothing, so the
lookup repeats on every render pass - roughly 54 Media calls for a page with 5 such
images.

That exceeds Confluence's 10 second body-render limit, so the body render is
abandoned and the request fails with a 504. The user sees a blank page.

The metadata is only an optional layout hint, and Confluence already degrades
gracefully when it is missing. The bug is the ~25 seconds spent before reaching that
fallback.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Open a page with multiple images whose Media metadata response is missing the
   original rendition (commonly seen on DC to Cloud migrated attachments).
2. Wait for the page to load.

Expected Results

The page body renders. Images with no usable metadata render without intrinsic-size
hints (minor layout shift, larger download); the rest of the page is unaffected.

Actual Results

The page body does not render at all. The request takes ~25-28 seconds and fails:

The underlying service call timed out (504)

Workaround

None