Not working with Team Services (former Visual Studio Online) via SSH

I try to clone a repository from Team Services (former Visual Studio online), but I receive the following error:

System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception: The system cannot find the file specified
FATAL ERROR: Server sent disconnect message
type 2 (protocol error)
"Invalid packet"

I'm using Putty, I double-checked - the correct SSH key is loaded. SSH access to my BitBucket account using the same key is working. Another Git application (GitExtensions) works with this key and this repository. I tried several repositories from different Team Services accounts and the same error appears on all of them.