When inserting JIRA issues on a Confluence page, issues are shown with a strikethrough if the resolution field is disabled in JIRA

Steps to reproduce:

• For a given project in JIRA, hide the Resolution field in the project's Field Configurations
• Setup an app link so that Confluence can retrieve issues from JIRA
• Insert an open issue from this project into a Confluence page

The issue will show up with a strikethrough, even though it does not have a resolution. If the field is un-hidden in JIRA, the strikethrough is immediately removed as expected.